 |
| |
S.NO |
Coastal Statistics,2000 |
India |
World |
| 1 |
Length of coastline (km2) |
7,517 |
1634701 |
| 2. |
Percent of population within 100 km of the coast |
26 % |
39 % |
| 3. |
Area of continental shelf (km2) |
372424 |
24285959 |
| 4. |
Territorial sea (up to 12 nautical miles) (km2) |
193834 |
18816919 |
| 5. |
Claimed Exclusive Economic Zone (km2) |
2103415 |
102108403 |
| Coastal Biodiversity and Protected Areas Data, 2000 |
| 6 |
Area of Mangrove Forests (km2) |
4,482 |
169452 |
| 7. |
Percent of Mangrove forests protected |
50% |
13% |
| 8. |
Number of Mangrove Species |
40 |
70 |
| 9. |
Number of Marine or Littoral Protected |
115 |
3636 |
| Fisheries Production - Average Annual Capture (metric Tonnes) |
| 10 |
Marine Fish |
2773092 |
84411066 |
| 11 |
Mulluscs and Crustaceans |
365562 |
12055801 |
| Aqua culture Production (in metric tons) |
| 12 |
Total (includes freshwater) |
2095072 |
45715559 |
| Fish Consumption and Trade, 2000 |
| 13 |
Fish Protein as a % of Total Protein Supply |
2% |
6% |
| Annual Trade in Fish and Fisheries Products |
| 14 |
Imports (thousand $US) |
16679 (187%) |
60008337 (275%) |
| 15 |
Exports (thousand $US) |
1417467 (428%) |
54570489 (258%) |
| Fishing Effort, both freshwater and marine |
| 16 |
People Employed in Fishing |
5958744 |
36116329 |
| 17 |
Docked Fishery Vessels(number) |
49070 |
1297017 |
|
| |
Major Rivers of India |
| S. No |
Details |
Ganges River |
| 1 |
Country |
India, Nepal, Bangladesh |
| 3 |
Source |
Gangotri Glacier |
| 4 |
Tributaries |
- Left Mahakhali, Karnali, Koshi, Gandak, Ghaghara - right Yamuna, Son, Mahananda |
| 5 |
Dams on the River |
Tehri Dam |
| Haridwar Dam |
| Pancheswer Dam |
| Ramjhula - bridge |
| Faraka Barriage |
| 6 |
Mouth |
Ganges Delta |
| 7 |
Area |
1,016,124 Km2 (WRI 2003). |
| 8 |
Population |
Between 50,000 and 1,00,000 |
| 9 |
Average rain fall (in mm); |
1500 mm to 400
mm. |
| 10 |
Maximum-minimum temperatures in Degree Centigrade |
January range from 57 to 77°F (14 to 25 °C),
and average temperatures in April range
from 77 to 95°F (25 to 35 °C). |
| 11 |
Length |
2,510 km |
| 12 |
Basin |
907,000 km2 (350,195 sq mi) |
| 13 |
Discharge |
12,015 m3/s (424,306 cu ft/s) |
| 14 |
Major cropping pattern |
Net cropped area: 114 million hectares |
| 15 |
Major sub ecosystems (zoogeographical zones) |
The Ganges river basin contains high bio diversity.
1. 140 fish species
2. 90 amphibian species
3. 5 species of freshwater cetaceans
4. The unique Sundarbans delta mangroves -
Brahmaputra River
5. 289 terrestrial, 219aquatic, 315 birds.
35 reptile and 42 mammal species.
6. mangrove-inhabiting tigers,
Panthera tigris (source:wwf 2005c) |
| 16 |
Major soil types |
Most of the delta is composed of alluvial soils, with red and red yellow late rite soils found as one heads farther east. |
| 17 |
National parks/sanctuaries, lakes, wetlands, etc. |
Sunderban National Park and Tiger Reserve
resort to mangrove tigers. |
| 18 |
Issues |
Over Abstraction: Water withdrawal poses a serious threat to the Ganges. In India, barrages control all of the tributaries to the Ganges and divert roughly 60% of river flow to large scale irrigation (Adel 2001). Over-extraction for agriculture in the Ganges has caused the reduction in surface water resources. This has increased dependence on ground water, the loss of water-based livelihoods, and the destruction of habitat for 109fish species, and other aquatic and amphibian fauna (Adel 2001). The projected annual renewable water supply for 2025 indicates water scarcity (Revenga et al. 2000).Although the Ganges catchments drains virtually all of the Nepal Himalayas and water supply per person in the basin ranges from adequate to ample46, its dry season outflow (from
December to February) to the sea is non-existent (FAO 1999; |
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